Eye movements and lexical access in spoken-language comprehension: evaluating a linking hypothesis between fixations and linguistic processing.

A growing number of researchers in the sentence processing community are using eye movements to address issues in spoken language comprehension. Experiments using this paradigm have shown that visually presented referential information, including properties of referents relevant to specific actions, influences even the earliest moments of syntactic processing. Methodological concerns about task-specific strategies and the linking hypothesis between eye movements and linguistic processing are identified and discussed. These concerns are addressed in a review of recent studies of spoken word recognition which introduce and evaluate a detailed linking hypothesis between eye movements and lexical access. The results provide evidence about the time course of lexical activation that resolves some important theoretical issues in spoken-word recognition. They also demonstrate that fixations are sensitive to properties of the normal language-processing system that cannot be attributed to task-specific strategie

Roland Barthes et la critique de Proust

Cette étude a pour objectif d'examiner les bases d'une " nouvelle littérature " barthésienne s'inspirant la Recherche. Dans une première partie, nous remonterons aux sources picturales et musicales du chef-d'œuvre et nous observerons que, leurs transpositions dans le texte engendrent un nouvel univers artistique.Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudierons les écritures romanesques proustienne et barthésienne. Nous verrons que, Roland Barthes définit la Recherche comme une tierce-forme entre l'essai et le roman, manifestant son désir d'écrire. Barthes considère la littérature comme une révolution permanente du langage. Il veut créer un " nouveau roman " simple, filial et désirable ressuscitant la langue française.In this study, we examine the bases of a new barthesian literature inspired by the Recherche. In the first part of the study, by looking at the Proust's masterpiece, we try to find out the art works, paintings and the musical pieces which have been used to produce a new artistic world.In the second part, we review the fictional aspects of Proust and Barhes's writings. We see how Roland Barthes defines the Recherche as a third-form of writing between the essay and the novel, reaveling the desire behind the Proust writing. Barthes considered the literature as a constant revolution in language. He wanted to create a new sort of novel, simple, filial and desirble which resurrects the french language.PARIS4-BU Serpente (751052129) / SudocSudocFranceF

Neuter is not Common in Dutch: Eye Movements Reveal Asymmetrical Gender Processing

Native speakers of languages with transparent gender systems can use gender cues to anticipate upcoming words. To examine whether this also holds true for a non-transparent two-way gender system, i.e. Dutch, eye movements were monitored as participants followed spoken instructions to click on one of four displayed items on a screen (e.g., Klik op deCOM rode appelCOM, 'Click on the COM red appleCOM'). The items contained the target, a colour- and/or gender-matching competitor, and two unrelated distractors. A mixed-effects regression analysis revealed that the presence of a colour-matching and/or gender-matching competitor significantly slowed the process of finding the target. The gender effect, however, was only observed for common nouns, reflecting the fact that neuter gender-marking cannot disambiguate as all Dutch nouns become neuter when used as diminutives. The gender effect for common nouns occurred before noun onset, suggesting that gender information is, at least partially, activated automatically before encountering the noun. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media New York

Correlating cross-platform usability problems with eye tracking patterns

Evaluating the cross-platform usability of multiple interactive systems has become increasingly essential. Despite eye tracking being used to supplement traditional usability assessment, there is little research on its use for cross-platform usability evaluation. Our exploratory study seeks relationship between eye-tracking metrics and cross-platform usability problems. We user-tested three cross-platform services and identified a set of usability problems. We separated the identified problems into traditional and cross-platform usability problems. Some of the cross-platform usability problems were associated with users' eye-tracking patterns. We found that consistency on many levels is a major problem cross-platform and we recommend some considerations for evaluators to use as indicators to predict possible cross-platform usability problems